Statistical Investigation
Baseline characteristics are presented as means with standard deviation for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Annual incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the number of events per 1000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HR and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) to analyze association between baseline blood pressure subgroups and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. Additional analysis according to SBP/DBP combination groups was performed. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA).
Efficiency
This research integrated 374,250 blood circulation pressure addressed Koreans 75 age or earlier (Fig. 1), whose baseline functions by the result scale receive when you look at the Dining table step one. During the suggest go after-upwards of five.six years, twenty eight,621 customers knowledgeable ischemic coronary attack, fourteen,683 got MI, and you may 74,115 customers passed away. Essentially, clients with aerobic skills chance had high cost out-of CVD exposure factorspared to help you professionals no events, people with ischemic coronary arrest and MI incidence got notably highest standard blood circulation pressure, was in fact more mature, expected to be male, become newest smokers, be myself inactive, enjoys diabetes, dyslipidemia, and chronic renal condition. Alcohol based drinks showed other fashion to own ischemic coronary attack and you will MI. The new no skills communities got higher costs regarding abdominal carrying excess fat and you can being obese. Remarkably, in regards to death, people that died have been less likely to has dyslipidemia.
Flowchart out of cohort possibilities. A total of 374 250 victims had been entitled to the latest cohort, and you can was indeed accompanied having MI, ischemic heart attack, and all-end in passing up until
Cox regression analysis of adjusted HRs by SBP and DBP are shown in Fig. 2. The reference groups were SBP 120 to 129 mmHg and DBP < 70 mmHg. All three outcomes measures showed highest HRs and IRs with SBP ? 170 mmHg or DBP ? 100 mmHg, except for all-cause death with highest risk when SBP < 110 mmHg. HR by SBP followed a J-curve pattern for ischemic stroke, and a U-shaped pattern for all-cause death. The nadir SBP ranges were 120 to 129 mmHg (HR 1, reference group) and 140 to 149 mmHg (HR 0.961; 95 % CI 0.937 to 0.985) for ischemic stroke and all-cause death, respectively. For MI, SBP < 160 mmHg was a relatively homogenous group and HR significantly increased only once SBP ? 160 mmHg. Meanwhile, increasing DBP generally showed higher HRs for ischemic stroke. For MI and all-cause death, DBP up to 80 mmHg and 90 mmHg did not show any significant differences from the reference group, and HR significantly increased when DBP was ? 80 mmHg or ? 90 mmHg, respectively.
Possibilities rates (HR) having ischemic https://datingranking.net/lovoo-review/ coronary arrest, myocardial infarction (MI), and death according to the systolic hypertension (SBP) and you may diastolic blood pressure level (DBP) category. The information and knowledge are adjusted getting ages, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking/ drinking/exercise/income standing, additionally the presence regarding diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and persistent renal condition (CKD). The brand new 95% count on (CI) periods are provided since the straight lines towards Time
In the SBP/DBP combination analysis, HRs stratified by SBP/DBP groups were calculated (Fig. 3). The reference group was SBP 130 to 149 mmHg/DBP < 80 mmHg. For each SBP group, higher DBP groups yielded higher HRs for all three outcomes, except when SBP ? 150 mmHg, DBP < 80 mmHg had higher HRs than when DBP was 80 to 89 mmHg, also for all three outcomes. Regardless of SBP control, patients with the highest DBPs ? 90 mmHg had higher HRs compared to the reference group. While there was no additional consistent trend in ischemic stroke and MI, in terms of all-cause death, within the same DBP group, the highest HRs lay in the SBP groups < 130 mmHg.